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BACKGROUND:The randomized, controlled BOLERO‐2 (Breast Cancer Trials of Oral Everolimus) trial demonstrated significantly improved progression‐free survival with the use of everolimus plus exemestane (EVE + EXE) versus placebo plus exemestane (PBO + EXE) in patients with advanced breast cancer who developed disease progression after treatment with nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitors. This analysis investigated...
BACKGROUND:Professional society guidelines recommend follow‐up colonoscopy for patients with resected colonic adenomas. However, adherence to guideline recommendations in routine clinical practice has not been well characterized.
METHODS:The authors used a population‐based sample of Medicare beneficiaries to identify all patients aged ≥70 years who had a claim for colonoscopy with polypectomy or...
The c‐Met/hepatocyte growth factor receptor and its family members are known to promote cancer cell migration and invasion. Signaling within and beyond this pathway contributes to the systemic spread of metastases through induction of the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition, a process also implicated in mediating resistance to current anticancer therapies, including radiation. Induction of c‐Met has...
BACKGROUND:Clinical trials in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) determine induction regimen standards. However, these studies lack the data necessary to evaluate mortality trends over time and differences in resource utilization between induction regimens. Moreover, these trials likely underreport the clinical toxicities experienced by patients.
METHODS:The Pediatric Health Information System...
BACKGROUND:There is no validated system to identify prognostically distinct cohorts of women with uterine leiomyosarcoma (ULMS). By using an independent, pooled, multi‐institutional, international patient cohort, the authors validated a recently proposed ULMS nomogram.
METHODS:The ULMS nomogram incorporated 7 clinical characteristics (age, tumor size, tumor grade, cervical involvement, locoregional...
BACKGROUND:Bone marrow (BM) biopsies from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) may show reticulin fibrosis at diagnosis, but its significance remains unclear. This study sought to assess the prognostic impact of BM reticulin fibrosis in patients with previously untreated CLL.
METHODS:Data was reviewed from untreated CLL patients in the national Israel CLL database, followed during 1987...
BACKGROUND:This study sought to determine if preoperative image‐guided intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IG‐IMRT) can reduce morbidity, including wound complications, by minimizing dose to uninvolved tissues in adults with lower extremity soft tissue sarcoma.
METHODS:The primary endpoint was the development of an acute wound complication (WC). IG‐IMRT was used to conform volumes to avoid normal tissues...
BACKGROUND:Given the complexity of management of advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), this study hypothesized that high hospital volume would be associated with receiving National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guideline therapy and improved survival in patients with advanced HNSCC.
METHODS:The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)‐Medicare database was used to...
BACKGROUND:Childhood exposure to iodine‐131 from the 1986 nuclear accident in Chernobyl, Ukraine, led to a sharp increase in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) incidence in regions surrounding the reactor. Data concerning the association between genetic mutations in PTCs and individual radiation doses are limited.
METHODS:Mutational analysis was performed on 62 PTCs diagnosed in a Ukrainian cohort...
BACKGROUND:Activation of the phosphatidylinositol‐3‐kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is common in head and neck cancers, and it has been demonstrated that inhibition of mTOR complex 1 sensitizes cell lines to platinum and taxane chemotherapy. The authors conducted a phase 1 study to evaluate the addition of oral everolimus to cisplatin and docetaxel as induction chemotherapy...
BACKGROUND:The objective of this study was to assess whether coregistered whole brain (WB) magnetic resonance imaging‐positron emission tomography (MRI‐PET) would increase the number of correctly upstaged patients compared with WB PET‐computed tomography (PET‐CT) plus dedicated brain MRI in patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
METHODS:From January 2010 through November 2011, patients...
BACKGROUND:Randomized trials have demonstrated improved survival when hormonal therapy (HT) is added to radiation therapy (RT) for high‐risk prostate cancer. However, it is still unknown whether men who have a history of myocardial infarction (MI) or MI risk factors achieve a superior outcome from HT.
METHODS:A Markov decision analysis model was used to compare quality‐adjusted life expectancy (QALE)...
BACKGROUND:More women of fertile age are long‐term survivors of cancer. However, population‐based data on birth rates of female cancer survivors are rare.
METHODS:A total of 42,691 women ≤ 45 years with a history of cancer were identified from the Swedish Multi‐Generation Register and the Swedish Cancer Register, for whom relative birth rates were calculated as compared to the background population,...
BACKGROUND.Myxoid liposarcoma (MLPS), a disease especially of young adults with potential for local recurrence and metastasis, currently lacks solid prognostic factors and therapeutic targets. The authors of this report evaluated the natural history and outcome of patients with MLPS and commonly deregulated protein biomarkers.
METHODS.Medical records were retrospectively reviewed for patients who...
BACKGROUND:Second primary malignancies (SPMs) are the leading cause of death in survivors of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Synchronous SPMs are of significant clinical interest because they potentially can be identified by screening procedures at the time of diagnosis of the index cancer. Recently, human papillomavirus (HPV) has emerged as a distinct risk factor for oropharyngeal...
BACKGROUND:Increased pathologic complete response (pCR) rates observed with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) for some subsets of patients with invasive breast cancer have prompted interest in whether patients who achieved a pCR can be identified preoperatively and potentially spared the morbidity of surgery. The objective of this multicenter, retrospective study was to estimate the accuracy of preoperative...
BACKGROUND:Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is prevalent in Southeast Asia. Over the last decade, plasma Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) DNA has been developed as a tumor marker for NPC. In this study, the authors investigated whether plasma EBV DNA analysis is useful for NPC surveillance.
METHODS:In total, 1318 volunteers ages 40 to 60 years were prospectively recruited. Plasma EBV DNA and serology for viral...
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